One of the limitation as regards the use of plant-derived feedstuffs is the presence and levels of potential anti-nutritional factors (ANF).

In formulating feeds with plant feedstuffs, besides achieving the ideal amino acid profile, one has  to ensure that the finished feeds contain very low levels of these ANFs.
At present, most formulated feeds used in aquaculture of fish and shrimp, already contain variable levels of protein-rich plant derived ingredients.

Table: Classification of some anti-nutritional substances commonly encountered in different plant feedstuffs